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Financial Terms | |
Cost-benefit ratio |
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Definition of Cost-benefit ratioCost-benefit ratioThe net present value of an investment divided by the investment's initial cost. Also called
Related Terms:"Soft" Capital RationingCapital rationing that under certain circumstances can be violated or even viewed Absorption costingA method of costing in which all fixed and variable production costs are charged to products or services using an allocation base. absorption costinga cost accumulation and reporting Absorption costingA methodology under which all manufacturing costs are assigned Accelerated cost recovery system (ACRS)Schedule of depreciation rates allowed for tax purposes. Acceleration ClauseClause causing repayment of a debt, if specified events occur or are not met. Accelerationist HypothesisBelief that an effort to keep unemployment below its natural rate results in an accelerating inflation. ![]() Accidental Death Benefit (ADB)Coverage against accidental death usually payable in addition to base amount of coverage. accounts receivable turnover ratioA ratio computed by dividing annual Accumulated Benefit Obligation (ABO)An approximate measure of the liability of a plan in the event of a Acid-test ratioAlso called the quick ratio, the ratio of current assets minus inventories, accruals, and prepaid ACID-TEST RATIOA ratio that shows how well a company could pay its current debts using only its most liquid or “quick” assets. It’s a more pessimistic—but also realistic—measure of safety than the current ratio, because it ignores sluggish, hard-toliquidate current assets like inventory and notes receivable. Here’s the formula: Acid-test RatioSee quick ratio acid test ratio (also called the quick ratio)The sum of cash, accounts receivable, and short-term marketable Activity-based costingA method of costing that uses cost pools to accumulate the cost of significant business activities and then assigns the costs from the cost pools to products or services based on cost drivers. activity based costing (ABC)A relatively new method advocated for the activity-based costing (ABC)a process using multiple cost drivers to predict and allocate costs to products and services; Activity-based costing (ABC)A cost allocation system that compiles costs and assigns Actual costThe actual expenditure made to acquire an asset, which includes the supplierinvoiced actual cost systema valuation method that uses actual direct Adjusted Cash Flow Provided by Continuing OperationsCash flow provided by operating Agency cost viewThe argument that specifies that the various agency costs create a complex environment in Agency costsThe incremental costs of having an agent make decisions for a principal. Aggressive Cost Capitalizationcost capitalization that stretches the flexibility within generally All-in costTotal costs, explicit and implicit. Amortized Costcost of a security adjusted for the amortization of any purchase premium or appraisal costa quality control cost incurred for monitoring Appraisal ratioThe signal-to-noise ratio of an analyst's forecasts. The ratio of alpha to residual standard Articles of incorporationLegal document establishing a corporation and its structure and purpose. Asset activity ratiosratios that measure how effectively the firm is managing its assets. Asset/equity ratioThe ratio of total assets to stockholder equity. asset turnover ratioA broad-gauge ratio computed by dividing annual attribute-based costing (ABC II)an extension of activitybased costing using cost-benefit analysis (based on increased customer utility) to choose the product attribute Automatic Benefits PaymentAutomatic payment of moneys derived from a benefit. Average-Cost Inventory MethodThe inventory cost-flow assumption that assigns the average Average cost of capitalA firm's required payout to the bondholders and to the stockholders expressed as a Avoidable costscosts that are identifiable with and able to be influenced by decisions made at the business backflush costinga streamlined cost accounting method that speeds up, simplifies, and reduces accounting effort in an environment that minimizes inventory balances, requires Bankruptcy cost viewThe argument that expected indirect and direct bankruptcy costs offset the other Basic Earnings Power RatioPercentage of earnings relative to total assets; indication of how Batch costA cost that is incurred when a group of products or services are produced, batch-level costa cost that is caused by a group of things BenefitAn instruction that pays a cash amount upon the occurrence of a specific event. Benefit Ratio MethodThe proportion of unemployment benefits paid to a company’s Benefit ValueThe amount of cash payable on a benefit. Benefit Wage Ratio MethodThe proportion of total taxable wages for laid off benefits-provided rankinga listing of service departments in an order that begins with the one providing the most service budgeted costa planned expenditure cafeteria plan a “menu” of fringe benefit options that includecash or nontaxable benefits Canadian Deposit Insurance CorporationBetter known as CDIC, this is an organization which insures qualifying deposits and GICs at savings institutions, mainly banks and trust companys, which belong to the CDIC for amounts up to $60,000 and for terms of up to five years. Many types of deposits are not insured, such as mortgage-backed deposits, annuities of duration of more than five years, and mutual funds. Capital Cost Allowance (CCA)The annual depreciation expense allowed by the Canadian Income Tax Act. Capital rationingPlacing one or more limits on the amount of new investment undertaken by a firm, either capital rationinga condition that exists when there is an capital rationingLimit set on the amount of funds available for investment. capitalization of costsWhen a cost is recorded originally as an increase Capitalization ratiosAlso called financial leverage ratios, these ratios compare debt to total capitalization Capitalized Cost An expenditure or accrual that is reported as an asset to be amortized againstfuture-period revenue. Carring costscosts that increase with increases in the level of investment in current assets. carrying costthe total variable cost of carrying one unit of Carrying costThe cost of holding inventory, which can include insurance, carrying costscosts of maintaining current assets, including opportunity cost of capital. Cash costThe amount of cash expended. Cash flow coverage ratioThe number of times that financial obligations (for interest, principal payments, Cash flow from operationsA firm's net cash inflow resulting directly from its regular operations Cash Flow–to–Income Ratio (CFI)Adjusted cash flow provided by continuing operations CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATIONSA section on the cash-flow Stockholders’ equity statement that shows how much cash came into a company and how much went out during the normal course of business. Cash ratioThe proportion of a firm's assets held as cash. Cash Ratioratio of cash and cash equivalents to liabilities; in the case of a bank, the ratio of cash to total deposit liabilities. committed costa cost related either to the long-term investment Common stock ratiosratios that are designed to measure the relative claims of stockholders to earnings company cost of capitalExpected rate of return demanded by investors in a company, determined by the average risk of the company’s assets and operations. Concentration accountA single centralized account into which funds collected at regional locations concentration bankingSystem whereby customers make payments to a regional collection center which transfers funds to Concentration servicesMovement of cash from different lockbox locations into a single concentration Configuration auditA review of all engineering documentation used as the basis Configuration controlVerifying that a delivered product matches authorizing contribution margin ratiothe proportion of each revenue dollar remaining after variable costs have been covered; controllable costa cost over which a manager has the ability to authorize incurrence or directly influence magnitude Controlled foreign corporation (CFC)A foreign corporation whose voting stock is more than 50% owned conversion costRefers to the sum of manufacturing direct labor and overhead conversion costthe total of direct labor and overhead cost; Conversion ratioThe number of shares of common stock that the security holder will receive from CorporationA legal "person" that is separate and distinct from its owners. A corporation is allowed to own CorporationA legal entity, organized under state laws, whose investors purchase corporationBusiness owned by stockholders who are not personally CostA resource sacrificed or forgone to achieve a specific objective (Horngren et al.), defined costthe cash or cash equivalent value necessary to attain an CostThe expense incurred to create and sell a product or service. If a product is not cost accountinga discipline that focuses on techniques or Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB)a body established by Congress in 1970 to promulgate cost accounting cost accumulationthe approach to product costing that determines cost allocationthe assignment, using some reasonable basis, cost avoidancethe practice of finding acceptable alternatives Cost basisAn asset’s purchase price, plus costs associated with the purchase, like installation fees, taxes, etc. Cost behaviourThe idea that fixed costs and variable costs react differently to changes in the volume of Cost-Benefit AnalysisThe calculation and comparison of the costs and benefits of a policy or project. cost-benefit analysis the analytical process of comparing therelative costs and benefits that result from a specific course cost centera responsibility center in which the manager has Cost centreA division or unit of an organization that is responsible for controlling costs. 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