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Financial Terms | |
Infrastructure |
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Definition of InfrastructureInfrastructureBasic facilities, such as transportation, communication, and legal systems, on which economic activity depends.
Related Terms:Fixed assetsThings that the business owns and are part of the business infrastructure – fixed assets may be World BankThe International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, an international organization that provides long-term loans to developing countries to improve their infrastructure. ABM (automated banking machine)A bank machine, sometimes referred to as an automated teller machine (ATM). Acquisition of assetsA merger or consolidation in which an acquirer purchases the selling firm's assets. Agency bankA form of organization commonly used by foreign banks to enter the U.S. market. An agency AssetsA firm's productive resources. ASSETSAnything of value that a company owns. ![]() AssetsThings that the business owns. AssetsItems owned by the company or expenses that have been paid for but have not been used up. Assets requirementsA common element of a financial plan that describes projected capital spending and the BAN (Bank anticipation notes)Notes issued by states and municipalities to obtain interim financing for BankMoney in a bank cheque account, the difference between receipts and payments. Bank collection floatThe time that elapses between when a check is deposited into a bank account and when the funds are available to the depositor, during which period the bank is collecting payment from the payer's bank. Bank discount basisA convention used for quoting bids and offers for treasury bills in terms of annualized Bank draftA draft addressed to a bank. bank draftA guaranteed form of payment which is issued in amounts over $5,000. ![]() Bank for International Settlements (BIS)An international bank headquartered in Basel, Switzerland, which Bank lineLine of credit granted by a bank to a customer. Bank overdraftMoney owed to the bank in a cheque account where payments exceed receipts. Bank reconciliationThe process of taking the balances from the bank statement and the general ledger and making adjustments so that they agree. Bank reconciliationA comparison between the cash position recorded on a company’s Bank wireA computer message system linking major banks. It is used not for effecting payments, but as a Banker's acceptanceA short-term credit investment created by a non-financial firm and guaranteed by a Bankers AcceptancesA bill of exchange, or draft, drawn by the borrower for payment on a specified date, and accepted by a chartered bank. Upon acceptance, the bill becomes, in effect, a postdated certified cheque. BankruptcyState of being unable to pay debts. Thus, the ownership of the firm's assets is transferred from bankruptcyThe reorganization or liquidation of a firm that cannot pay its debts. Bankruptcy cost viewThe argument that expected indirect and direct bankruptcy costs offset the other ![]() Bankruptcy riskThe risk that a firm will be unable to meet its debt obligations. Also referred to as default or insolvency risk. Bankruptcy viewThe argument that expected bankruptcy costs preclude firms from being financed entirely Central BankA public agency responsible for regulating and controlling an economy's monetary and financial institutions. It is the sole money-issuing authority. Clearing House Interbank Payments System (CHIPS)An international wire transfer system for high-value Commercial BankA privately owned, profit-seeking firm that accepts deposits and makes loans. concentration bankingSystem whereby customers make payments to a regional collection center which transfers funds to Consortium banksA merchant banking subsidiary set up by several banks that may or may not be of the Current assetsValue of cash, accounts receivable, inventories, marketable securities and other assets that Current assetsCash, things that will be converted into cash within a year (such as accounts receivable), and inventory. Current assetsAmounts receivable by the business within a period of 12 months, including bank, debtors, inventory and prepayments. current assetsCurrent refers to cash and those assets that will be turned Current AssetsCash and other company assets that can be readily turned into cash within one year. Eligible bankers' acceptancesIn the BA market, an acceptance may be referred to as eligible because it is EurobankA bank that regularly accepts foreign currency denominated deposits and makes foreign currency loans. Exchange of assetsAcquisition of another company by purchase of its assets in exchange for cash or stock. Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank)The U.S. federal government agency that extends trade credits to U.S. Federal Financing BankA federal institution that lends to a wide array of federal credit agencies funds it Federal Home Loan BanksThe institutions that regulate and lend to savings and loan associations. The Federal Reserve BanksThe twelve district banks in the Federal Reserve System. Financial assetsClaims on real assets. financial assetsClaims to the income generated by real assets. Also called securities. Fixed-annuitiesAnnuity contracts in which the insurance company or issuing financial institution pays a Fixed assetLong-lived property owned by a firm that is used by a firm in the production of its income. Fixed assetAn item with a longevity greater than one year, and which exceeds a company’s Fixed asset turnover ratioThe ratio of sales to fixed assets. Fixed Assets Turnover RatioA measure of the utilization of a company's fixed assets to Fixed-charge coverage ratioA measure of a firm's ability to meet its fixed-charge obligations: the ratio of Fixed Charge Coverage RatioA measure of how well a company is able to meet its fixed Fixed costA cost that is fixed in total for a given period of time and for given production levels. fixed costa cost that remains constant in total within a specified Fixed costA cost that does not vary in the short run, irrespective of changes in any Fixed costsCosts that do not change with increases or decreases in the volume of goods or services fixed costsCosts that do not depend on the level of output. Fixed-datesIn the Euromarket the standard periods for which Euros are traded (1 month out to a year out) are Fixed-dollar obligationsConventional bonds for which the coupon rate is set as a fixed percentage of the par value. Fixed-dollar securityA nonnegotiable debt security that can be redeemed at some fixed price or according to Fixed-exchange rateA country's decision to tie the value of its currency to another country's currency, gold Fixed Exchange RateAn exchange rate held constant by a government promise to buy or sell dollars at the fixed rate on the foreign exchange market. Fixed ExpensesCost of doing business which does not change with the volume of business. Examples might be rent for business premises, insurance payments, heat and light. fixed expenses (costs)Expenses or costs that remain the same in amount, Fixed-income equivalentAlso called a busted convertible, a convertible security that is trading like a straight Fixed-income instrumentsassets that pay a fixed-dollar amount, such as bonds and preferred stock. Fixed-income marketThe market for trading bonds and preferred stock. Fixed-income securityA security that pays a specified cash flow over a Fixed Interest RateA rate that does not fluctuate with general market conditions. Fixed-location storageAn inventory storage technique under which permanent Fixed overheadThat portion of total overhead costs which remains constant in size fixed overhead spending variancethe difference between the total actual fixed overhead and budgeted fixed overhead; fixed overhead volume variancesee volume variance Fixed price basisAn offering of securities at a fixed price. Fixed-price tender offerA one-time offer to purchase a stated number of shares at a stated fixed price, Fixed-rate loanA loan on which the rate paid by the borrower is fixed for the life of the loan. Fixed Rate LoanLoan for a fixed period of time with a fixed interest rate for the life of the loan. Fixed-rate payerIn an interest rate swap the counterparty who pays a fixed rate, usually in exchange for a Foreign banking marketThat portion of domestic bank loans supplied to foreigners for use abroad. Fractional Reserve BankingA banking system in which banks hold only a fraction of their outstanding deposits in cash or on deposit with the central bank. Intangible assetsassets owned by the company that do not possess physical substance; they usually take the form of rights and privileges such as patents, copyrights, and franchises. Intangible fixed assetsNon-physical assets, e.g. customer goodwill or intellectual property (patents and trademarks). International Bank for Reconstruction and Development - IBRD or World BankInternational bank for Reconstruction and Development makes loans at nearly conventional terms to countries for projects of high International Banking Facility (IBF)International banking Facility. A branch that an American bank Investment bankFinancial intermediaries who perform a variety of services, including aiding in the sale of Investment BankerMiddleman between a corporation issuing new securities and the public. The middleman buys the securities issue outright and then resells it to customers. Also called an underwriter. Legal bankruptcyA legal proceeding for liquidating or reorganizing a business. Long-term assetsValue of property, equipment and other capital assets minus the depreciation. This is an Longer-Term Fixed Assetsassets having a useful life greater than one year but the duration of the 'long term' will vary with the context in which the term is applied. Merchant bankA British term for a bank that specializes not in lending out its own funds, but in providing Merchant BankA financial institution that engages in investment banking functions, such as advising clients in mergers and acquisitions, underwriting securities and taking debt or equity positions. Money center banksbanks that raise most of their funds from the domestic and international money markets, relying less on depositors for funds. Net assetsThe difference between total assets on the one hand and current liabilities and noncapitalized longterm Non-reproducible assetsA tangible asset with unique physical properties, like a parcel of land, a mine, or a Other assetsA cluster of accounts that are listed after fixed assets on the balance sheet, Other current assetsValue of non-cash assets, including prepaid expenses and accounts receivable, due Related to : financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit. |