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Financial Terms | |
financial accounting |
Information about financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit.
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Definition of financial accountingfinancial accountinga discipline in which historical, monetary Financial accountingThe production of financial statements, primarily for those interested parties who are external to the business.
Related Terms:Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 52This is the currency translation standard currently Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 8This is a currency translation standard previously in Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)A special committee of the financial accounting Standards Board established to reach consensus of how to account for new and unusual financial transactions that have the potential for creating differing financial reporting practices. Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)A separate committee within the financial accounting Standards Board composed of 13 members representing CPA firms and preparers of financial statements FASBfinancial accounting Standards Board. Sets accounting standards for U.S. firms. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)This important term ![]() Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)A common set of standards and procedures Settlement rateThe rate suggested in financial accounting Standard Board (FASB) 87 for discounting the Tax booksSet of books kept by a firm's management for the IRS that follows IRS rules. The stockholder's AccountingA collection of systems and processes used to record, report and interpret business transactions. accountingA broad, all-inclusive term that refers to the methods and procedures Accounting and Auditing Enforcement Release (AAER)Administrative proceedings or litigation releases that entail an accounting or auditing-related violation of the securities laws. Accounting changeAn alteration in the accounting methodology or estimates used in Accounting earningsEarnings of a firm as reported on its income statement. Accounting entityA business for which a separate set of accounting records is being ![]() Accounting equationThe representation of the double-entry system of accounting such that assets are equal to liabilities plus capital. Accounting equationThe formula Assets = Liabilities + Equity. accounting equationAn equation that reflects the two-sided nature of a Accounting ErrorsUnintentional mistakes in financial statements. Accounted for by restating Accounting exposureThe change in the value of a firm's foreign currency denominated accounts due to a Accounting insolvencyTotal liabilities exceed total assets. A firm with a negative net worth is insolvent on Accounting IrregularitiesIntentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in Accounting liquidityThe ease and quickness with which assets can be converted to cash. Accounting periodThe period of time for which financial statements are produced – see also financial year. Accounting PoliciesThe principles, bases, conventions, rules and procedures adopted by management in preparing and presenting financial statements. Accounting rate of return (ARR)A method of investment appraisal that measures accounting rate of return (ARR)the rate of earnings obtained on the average capital investment over the life of a capital project; computed as average annual profits divided by average investment; not based on cash flow Accounting systemA set of accounts that summarize the transactions of a business that have been recorded on source documents. Accrual accountingThe recording of revenue when earned and expenses when accrual-basis accountingWell, frankly, accrual is not a good descriptive Accruals accountingA method of accounting in which profit is calculated as the difference between income when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Aggressive AccountingA forceful and intentional choice and application of accounting principles Average accounting returnThe average project earnings after taxes and depreciation divided by the average Cash accountingA method of accounting in which profit is calculated as the difference between income Change in Accounting EstimateA change in accounting that occurs as the result of new information Change in Accounting EstimateA change in the implementation of an existing accounting Change in Accounting PrincipleA change from one generally accepted accounting principle to another generally accepted accounting principle—for example, a change from capitalizing expenditures Changes in Financial PositionSources of funds internally provided from operations that alter a company's chief financial officer (CFO)Officer who oversees the treasurer and controller and sets overall financial strategy. Constant dollar accountingA method for restating financial statements by reducing or Contract AccountingMethod of accounting for sales or service agreements where completion Corporate financial managementThe application of financial principals within a corporation to create and Corporate financial planningfinancial planning conducted by a firm that encompasses preparation of both cost accountinga discipline that focuses on techniques or Cost Accounting Standards Board (CASB)a body established by Congress in 1970 to promulgate cost accounting costs of financial distressCosts arising from bankruptcy or distorted business decisions before bankruptcy. Country financial riskThe ability of the national economy to generate enough foreign exchange to meet Creative Accounting PracticesAny and all steps used to play the financial numbers game, including Creative Acquisition AccountingThe allocation to expense of a greater portion of the price Cumulative Effect of a Change in Accounting PrincipleThe change in earnings of previous years Cumulative Effect of Accounting ChangeThe change in earnings of previous years assuming double-entry accountingSee accrual-basis accounting. Dupont system of financial controlHighlights the fact that return on assets (ROA) can be expressed in terms External Financial StatementsCorporate financial statements that have been reported on by an external independent accountant. Financial analystsAlso called securities analysts and investment analysts, professionals who analyze Financial assetsClaims on real assets. financial assetsClaims to the income generated by real assets. Also called securities. Financial AssistanceEconomic assistance provided by unrelated third parties, typically government agencies. They may take the form of loans, loan guarantees, subsidies, tax allowances, contributions, or cost-sharing arrangements. financial budgeta plan that aggregates monetary details Financial controlThe management of a firm's costs and expenses in order to control them in relation to Financial CovenantA feature of a debt or credit agreement that is designed to protect the lender or creditor. It is common to characterize covenants as either positive or negative covenants. Financial CovenantsA promise made related to financial conditions or events. Often a promise not to allow certain balance sheet items or ratios to fall below an agreed level. Usually found in loan documents, as a protection mechanism. Financial distressEvents preceding and including bankruptcy, such as violation of loan contracts. Financial distress costsLegal and administrative costs of liquidation or reorganization. Also includes Financial engineeringCombining or dividing existing instruments to create new financial products. Financial futureA contract entered into now that provides for the delivery of a specified asset in exchange financial incentivea monetary reward provided for performance Financial IncentiveAn expression of economic benefit that motivates behavior that might otherwise not take place. Financial intermediariesInstitutions that provide the market function of matching borrowers and lenders or financial intermediaryFirm that raises money from many small investors and provides financing to businesses or other Financial IntermediaryAny institution, such as a bank, that takes deposits from savers and loans them to borrowers. Financial IntermediationThe process whereby financial intermediaries channel funds from lender/savers to borrower/spenders. Financial leaseLong-term, non-cancelable lease. Financial LeaseLease in which the service provided by the lessor to the lessee is limited to financing equipment. All other responsibilities related to the possession of equipment, such as maintenance, insurance, and taxes, are borne by the lessee. A financial lease is usually noncancellable and is fully paid out amortized over its term. Financial leverageUse of debt to increase the expected return on equity. financial leverage is measured by financial leverageThe equity (ownership) capital of a business can serve financial leverageDebt financing amplifies the effects of changes in operating income on the returns to stockholders. Financial leverage clienteleA group of investors who have a preference for investing in firms that adhere to Financial leverage ratiosRelated: capitalization ratios. Financial marketAn organized institutional structure or mechanism for creating and exchanging financial assets. financial marketsMarkets in which financial assets are traded. Financial Numbers GameThe use of creative accounting practices to alter a financial statement Financial objectivesObjectives of a financial nature that the firm will strive to accomplish during the period Financial planA financial blueprint for the financial future of a firm. Financial planningThe process of evaluating the investing and financing options available to a firm. It Financial PositionStatus of a firm's assets, liabilities, and equity accounts as of a certain time, as shown in its financial statement. Financial pressThat portion of the media devoted to reporting financial news. Financial ratioThe result of dividing one financial statement item by another. Ratios help analysts interpret financial reports and statementsfinancial means having to do with Financial reports or statementsThe Profit and Loss account, Balance Sheet and Cash Flow statement of a business. Financial riskThe risk that the cash flow of an issuer will not be adequate to meet its financial obligations. financial riskRisk to shareholders resulting from the use of debt. financial slackReady access to cash or debt financing. Financial Trend AnalysisProcess of analyzing financial statements of a company for any continuing relationship. Financial yearThe accounting period adopted by a business for the production of its financial statements. Fraudulent Financial ReportingIntentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures Future-Oriented Financial InformationInformation about prospective results of operations, financial position and/or changes in financial position, based on assumptions about future economic conditions and courses of action. Future-oriented financial information is presented as either a forecast or a projection. Gain-on-Sale AccountingUp-front gain recognized from the securitization and sale of a pool Related to : financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit. |