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budget slack

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Definition of budget slack

Budget Slack Image 1

budget slack

an intentional underestimation of revenues
and/or overestimation of expenses in a budgeting process
for the purpose of including deviations that are likely to
occur so that results will occur within budget limits



Related Terms:

Budget

A detailed schedule of financial activity, such as an advertising budget, a sales budget, or a capital budget.


Budget deficit

The amount by which government spending exceeds government revenues.


Capital budget

A firm's set of planned capital expenditures.


Capital budgeting

The process of choosing the firm's long-term capital assets.


Cash budget

A forecasted summary of a firm's expected cash inflows and cash outflows as well as its
expected cash and loan balances.


Activity-based budgeting

A method of budgeting that develops budgets based on expected activities and cost drivers – see also activity-based costing.


Budget

A plan expressed in monetary terms covering a future period of time and based on a defined
level of activity.


Budget Slack Image 2

Budget cycle

The annual period over which budgets are prepared.


Budgetary control

The process of ensuring that actual financial results are in line with targets – see variance
analysis.


Flexible budget

A method of budgetary control that flexes, i.e. adjusts the original budget by applying standard
prices and costs per unit to the actual production volume.


Incremental budget

A budget that takes the previous year as a base and adds (or deducts) a percentage to arrive at
the budget for the current year.


Planning, programming and budgeting system (PPBS)

A method of budgeting in which budgets are allocated to projects or programmes rather than to responsibility centres.


Priority-based budget

A budget that allocates funds in line with strategies.


Rolling budgets

A method of budgeting in which as each month passes, an additional budget month is added such that there is always a 12-month budget.


Zero-based budgeting

A method of budgeting that ignores historical budgetary allocations and identifies the costs that are necessary to implement agreed strategies.


capital budgeting

Refers generally to analysis procedures for ranking
investments, given a limited amount of total capital that has to be allocated
among the various capital investment opportunities of a business.
The term sometimes is used interchangeably with the analysis techniques
themselves, such as calculating present value, net present value,
and the internal rate of return of investments.


Budget Slack Image 3

Capital Budgeting

The process of ranking and selecting investment alternatives and
capital expenditures


activity-based budgeting (ABB)

planning approach applying activity drivers to estimate the levels and costs of activities necessary to provide the budgeted quantity and
quality of production


budget

a financial plan for the future based on a single level
of activity; the quantitative expression of a company’s commitment
to planned activities and resource acquisition and use


budgeted cost

a planned expenditure


budgeting

the process of formalizing plans and committing
them to written, financial terms


budget manual

a detailed set of documents that provides information
and guidelines about the budgetary process


budget variance

the difference between total actual overhead
and budgeted overhead based on standard hours allowed
for the production achieved during the period; computed
as part of two-variance overhead analysis; also
referred to as the controllable variance


capital budget

management’s plan for investments in longterm
property, plant, and equipment


capital budgeting

a process of evaluating an entity’s proposed
long-range projects or courses of future activity for
the purpose of allocating limited resources to desirable
projects


continuous budgeting

a process in which there is a rolling
twelve-month budget; a new budget month (twelve months
into the future) is added as each current month expires


financial budget

a plan that aggregates monetary details
from the operating budgets; includes the cash and capital
budgets of a company as well as the pro forma financial
statements


flexible budget

a presentation of multiple budgets that
show costs according to their behavior at different levels
of activity


imposed budget

a budget developed by top management
with little or no input from operating personnel; operating personnel are then informed of the budget objectives and constraints


master budget

the comprehensive set of all budgetary schedules
and the pro forma financial statements of an organization


operating budget

a budget expressed in both units and dollars


participatory budget

a budget that has been developed
through a process of joint decision making by top management
and operating personnel


program budgeting

an approach to budgeting that relates
resource inputs to service outputs


rolling budget

see continuous budgeting


slack variable

a variable used in a linear programming problem
that represents the unused amount of a resource at
any level of operation; it is associated with less-than-orequal-
to constraints


zero-base budgeting

a comprehensive budgeting process
that systematically considers the priorities and alternatives
for current and proposed activities in relation to organization
objectives; it requires the rejustification of ongoing activities


Budget

A set of interlinked plans that quantitatively describe a company’s projected
future operations.


Capital budgeting

The series of steps one follows when justifying the decision to purchase
an asset, usually including an analysis of costs and related benefits, which
should include a discounted cash flow analysis of the stream of all future cash flows
resulting from the purchase of the asset.


capital budget

List of planned investment projects.


capital budgeting decision

Decision as to which real assets the firm should acquire.


financial slack

Ready access to cash or debt financing.


Balanced-Budget Multiplier

The multiplier associated with a change in government spending financed by an equal change in taxes.


Budget Deficit

The excess of government spending over tax receipts.


Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act (COBRA)

A federal Act
containing the requirements for offering insurance to departed employees.


 

 

 

 

 

 

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