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Financial Terms | |
Semi-variable costs |
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Definition of Semi-variable costsSemi-variable costscosts that have both fixed and variable components.
Related Terms:Agency costsThe incremental costs of having an agent make decisions for a principal. Avoidable costscosts that are identifiable with and able to be influenced by decisions made at the business capitalization of costsWhen a cost is recorded originally as an increase Carring costscosts that increase with increases in the level of investment in current assets. carrying costscosts of maintaining current assets, including opportunity cost of capital. Continuous random variableA random value that can take any fractional value within specified ranges, as Costs Capitalized in StealthA particularly egregious form of aggressive cost capitalization ![]() costs of financial distresscosts arising from bankruptcy or distorted business decisions before bankruptcy. decision variablean unknown item for which a linear programming dependent variablean unknown variable that is to be predicted Direct costscosts that are readily traceable to particular products or services. Discrete random variableA random variable that can take only a certain specified set of discrete possible Endogenous variableA value determined within the context of a model. Execution costsThe difference between the execution price of a security and the price that would have Exogenous variableA variable whose value is determined outside the model in which it is used. Also called Financial distress costsLegal and administrative costs of liquidation or reorganization. Also includes Fixed costscosts that do not change with increases or decreases in the volume of goods or services fixed costscosts that do not depend on the level of output. fixed expenses (costs)Expenses or costs that remain the same in amount, Friction costscosts, both implied and direct, associated with a transaction. Such costs include time, effort, Funding CostsThe price of obtaining capital, either borrowed or equity, with intent to carry on business operations. Incremental costs and benefitscosts and benefits that would occur if a particular course of action were independent variablea variable that, when changed, will Indirect costscosts that are necessary to produce a product/service but are not readily traceable to particular products or services – see overhead. Information costsTransaction costs that include the assessment of the investment merits of a financial asset. key variablea critical factor that management believes will Market impact costsAlso called price impact costs, the result of a bid/ask spread and a dealer's price concession. Market timing costscosts that arise from price movement of the stock during the time of the transaction Menu CostsThe costs to firms of changing their prices. Normal random variableA random variable that has a normal probability distribution. Opportunity costsThe difference in the performance of an actual investment and a desired investment overhead costsOverhead generally refers to indirect, in contrast to direct, Period costsThe costs that relate to a period of time. Policy Acquisition Costscosts incurred by insurance companies in signing new policies, including expenditures on commissions and other selling expenses, promotion expenses, premium Political CostsThe costs of additional regulation, including higher taxes, borne by large and Preopening CostsA form of start-up cost incurred in preparing for the opening of a new store or facility. Price impact costsRelated: market impact costs Random variableA function that assigns a real number to each and every possible outcome of a random experiment. Round-trip transactions costscosts of completing a transaction, including commissions, market impact Search costscosts associated with locating a counterparty to a trade, including explicit costs (such as Semi-fixed costs costs that are constant within a defined level of activity but that can increase or decrease when Semi-strong form efficiencyA form of pricing efficiency where the price of the security fully reflects all semi-strong-form efficiencyMarket prices reflect all publicly available information. shortage costscosts incurred from shortages in current assets. slack variablea variable used in a linear programming problem Standard costsA budget cost for materials and labour used for decision-making, usually expressed as a per unit cost that is applied to standard quantities from a bill of materials and to standard times from a Start-up Costscosts related to such onetime activities as opening a new facility, introducing Sunk costscosts that have been incurred and cannot be reversed. Sunk costscosts that have been incurred in the past. sunk costscosts that have been incurred and cannot be recovered. surplus variablea variable used in a linear programming problem that represents overachievement of a minimum requirement; it is associated with greater-than-or-equal-to constraints Trading costscosts of buying and selling marketable securities and borrowing. Trading costs include Transactions costsThe time, effort, and money necessary, including such things as commission fees and the Undepreciated Capital CostsThe tax definition of the value of an asset that is eligible for tax deprecation. VariableA value determined within the context of a model. Also called endogenous variable. Variable annuitiesAnnuity contracts in which the issuer pays a periodic amount linked to the investment Variable AnnuityA form of annuity policy under which the amount of each benefit is not guaranteed or specified. The amounts fluctuate according to the earnings of a separate investment account. Variable costA cost that is directly proportional to the volume of output produced. When production is zero, Variable costA cost that increases or decreases in proportion with increases or decreases in the volume of production of goods or services. variable costa cost that varies in total in direct proportion Variable costA cost that changes in amount in relation to changes in a related activity. variable cost ratiothe proportion of each revenue dollar Variable costingA method of costing in which only variable production costs are treated as product costs and in which all fixed (production and non-production) costs are treated as period costs. variable costinga cost accumulation and reporting method variable costscosts that change as the level of output changes. VARIABLE EXPENSESThose that vary with the amount of goods you produce or sell. These may include utility bills, labor, etc. variable expensesExpenses that change with changes in either sales volume Variable life insurance policyA whole life insurance policy that provides a death benefit dependent on the variable overhead efficiency variancethe difference between budgeted variable overhead based on actual input activity and variable overhead applied to production variable overhead spending variancethe difference between total actual variable overhead and the budgeted amount of variable overhead based on actual input activity Variable price securityA security, such as stocks or bonds, that sells at a fluctuating, market-determined price. Variable rate CDsShort-term certificate of deposits that pay interest periodically on roll dates. On each roll Variable rate loanLoan made at an interest rate that fluctuates based on a base interest rate such as the Variable rated demand bond (VRDB)Floating rate bond that can be sold back periodically to the issuer. 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