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Financial Terms | |
Execution |
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Definition of ExecutionExecutionThe process of completing an order to buy or sell securities. Once a trade is executed, it is reported
Related Terms:Execution costsThe difference between the execution price of a security and the price that would have Limit order bookA record of unexecuted limit orders that is maintained by the specialist. These orders are Membershipor a seat on the exchange A limited number of exchange positions that enable the holder to Opportunity costsThe difference in the performance of an actual investment and a desired investment Program tradesAlso called basket trades, orders requiring the execution of trades in a large number of Agency costsThe incremental costs of having an agent make decisions for a principal. Avoidable costscosts that are identifiable with and able to be influenced by decisions made at the business ![]() BookA banker or trader's positions. Bookcash A firm's cash balance as reported in its financial statements. Also called ledger cash. Book-entry securitiesThe Treasury and federal agencies are moving to a book-entry system in which securities are not represented by engraved pieces of paper but are maintained in computerized records at the Book IncomePretax income reported on the income statement. Book inventoryThe amount of money invested in inventory, as per a company’s Book profitThe cumulative book income plus any gain or loss on disposition of the assets on termination of the SAT. book rate of returnAccounting income divided by book value. Book Returnsbook yield is the investment income earned in a year on a portfolio of assets purchased over a number of years and at different interest rates, divided by the book value of those assets. Book runnerThe managing underwriter for a new issue. The book runner maintains the book of securities sold. ![]() Book valueA company's book value is its total assets minus intangible assets and liabilities, such as debt. A BOOK VALUEAn asset’s cost basis minus accumulated depreciation. Book ValueThe value of an asset as carried on the balance sheet of a Book valueAn asset’s original cost, less any depreciation that has been subsequently incurred. book valueNet worth of the firm’s assets or liabilities according book value and book value per shareGenerally speaking, these terms BOOK VALUE OF COMMON STOCKThe theoretical amount per share that each stockholder would receive if a company’s assets were sold on the balance sheet’s date. book value equals: Book value per shareThe ratio of stockholder equity to the average number of common shares. book value Book Value per ShareThe book value of a company divided by the number of shares Buy limit orderA conditional trading order that indicates a security may be purchased only at the designated capitalization of costsWhen a cost is recorded originally as an increase ![]() Carring costscosts that increase with increases in the level of investment in current assets. carrying costscosts of maintaining current assets, including opportunity cost of capital. Cost of limited partner capitalThe discount rate that equates the after-tax inflows with outflows for capital Costs Capitalized in StealthA particularly egregious form of aggressive cost capitalization costs of financial distresscosts arising from bankruptcy or distorted business decisions before bankruptcy. Cross-border riskRefers to the volatility of returns on international investments caused by events associated Day orderAn order to buy or sell stock that automatically expires if it can't be executed on the day it is entered. Debt limitationA bond covenant that restricts in some way the firm's ability to incur additional indebtedness. Direct costscosts that are readily traceable to particular products or services. Discrete order pickingA picking method requiring the sequential completion of Dividend limitationA bond covenant that restricts in some way the firm's ability to pay cash dividends. economic order quantityorder size that minimizes total inventory costs. Economic order quantity (EOQ)The order quantity that minimizes total inventory costs. economic order quantity (EOQ)an estimate of the number engineering change order (ECO)a business mandate that changes the way in which a product is manufactured or a Fill or kill orderA trading order that is canceled unless executed within a designated time period. Financial distress costsLegal and administrative costs of liquidation or reorganization. Also includes Fixed costscosts that do not change with increases or decreases in the volume of goods or services fixed costscosts that do not depend on the level of output. fixed expenses (costs)Expenses or costs that remain the same in amount, Friction costscosts, both implied and direct, associated with a transaction. Such costs include time, effort, Funding CostsThe price of obtaining capital, either borrowed or equity, with intent to carry on business operations. Incremental costs and benefitscosts and benefits that would occur if a particular course of action were Indirect costscosts that are necessary to produce a product/service but are not readily traceable to particular products or services – see overhead. Information costsTransaction costs that include the assessment of the investment merits of a financial asset. job order cost sheeta source document that provides virtually job order costing systema system of product costing used Limit orderAn order to buy a stock at or below a specified price or to sell a stock at or above a specified Limit priceMaximum price fluctuation Limit priceMaximum price fluctuation Limitation on asset dispositionsA bond covenant that restricts in some way a firm's ability to sell major assets. Limitation on liensA bond covenant that restricts in some way a firm's ability to grant liens on its assets. Limitation on merger, consolidation, or saleA bond covenant that restricts in some way a firm's ability to Limitation on sale-and-leasebackA bond covenant that restricts in some way a firm's ability to enter into Limitation on subsidiary borrowingA bond covenant that restricts in some way a firm's ability to borrow at Limited liabilitylimitation of possible loss to what has already been invested. limited liabilityThe owners of the corporation are not personally responsible for its obligations. limited liability companyan organizational form that is a hybrid of the corporate and partnership organizational Limited-liability instrumentA security, such as a call option, in which the owner can only lose his initial Limited-liability instrumentA security, such as a call option, in which the owner can only lose his initial investment. limited liability partnershipan organizational form that is a hybrid of the corporate and partnership organizational Limited partnerA partner who has limited legal liability for the obligations of the partnership. Limited partnershipA partnership that includes one or more partners who have limited liability. Limited partnershipA partnership that includes one or more partners who have limited liability. Limited-tax general obligation bondA general obligation bond that is limited as to revenue sources. Limiting factorThe production resource that, as a result of scarce resources, limits the production of goods Make-to-orderA production scheduling system under which products are only Market-book ratioMarket price of a share divided by book value per share. Market impact costsAlso called price impact costs, the result of a bid/ask spread and a dealer's price concession. Market orderThis is an order to immediately buy or sell a security at the current trading price. Market timing costscosts that arise from price movement of the stock during the time of the transaction Market to Book RatioMeasure of the book value of a company on a per share basis. It is Master limited partnership (MLP)A publicly traded limited partnership. Matched bookA bank runs a matched book when the distribution of maturities of its assets and liabilities are equal. Menu CostsThe costs to firms of changing their prices. money orderA guaranteed form of payment in amounts up to and including $5,000. You might request a money order in order to pay for tuition fees at a university or a college, or for a magazine subscription. Negotiable order of withdrawal (NOW)Demand deposits that pay interest. Net book valueThe current book value of an asset or liability; that is, its original book value net of any Non-Medical LimitThis is the maximum value of a policy that an insurance company will issue without the applicant taking a medical examination, although medical questions are invariably asked during the application process. When a non-medical issue is made through group insurance, in most cases, medical data is not requested at all. Open bookSee: unmatched book. open-book managementa philosophy about increasing a firm’s performance by involving all workers and by ensuring Open (good-til-cancelled) orderAn individual investor can place an order to buy or sell a security. That open purchase orderinga process by which a single purchase Opportunity costsThe difference in the performance of an actual investment and a desired investment Order penetration pointThe point in the production process when a product is Order pickingThe process of moving items from stock for shipment to customers. order pointthe level of inventory that triggers the placement ordering costthe variable cost associated with preparing, overhead costsOverhead generally refers to indirect, in contrast to direct, pecking order theoryFirms prefer to issue debt rather than equity if internal finance is insufficient. Pecking-order view (of capital structure)The argument that external financing transaction costs, especially Period costsThe costs that relate to a period of time. Policy Acquisition Costscosts incurred by insurance companies in signing new policies, including expenditures on commissions and other selling expenses, promotion expenses, premium Political CostsThe costs of additional regulation, including higher taxes, borne by large and Preopening CostsA form of start-up cost incurred in preparing for the opening of a new store or facility. Price/book ratioCompares a stock's market value to the value of total assets less total liabilities (book Related to : financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit. |