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Financial Terms | |
Income |
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Definition of IncomeIncomeNet earnings after all expenses for an accounting period are subtracted from all
Related Terms:Accrued Incomeincome that has been earned but not yet received. For instance, if you have a non-registered Guaranteed Investment Certificate (GIC), Mutual Fund or Segregated Equity Fund, growth accrues annually or semi-annually and is taxable annually even though the gain is only paid at maturity of your investment. Accumulated Other Comprehensive IncomeCumulative gains or losses reported in shareholders' Adjusted Income from ContinuingOperations Reported income from continuing operations Book IncomePretax income reported on the income statement. Cash Flow–to–Income Ratio (CFI)Adjusted cash flow provided by continuing operations common-size income statementincome statement that presents items as a percentage of revenues. Current Income Tax ExpenseThat portion of the total income tax provision that is based on ![]() Deferred Income Tax ExpenseThat portion of the total income tax provision that is the result Disposable Incomeincome less income tax. Dividend incomeincome that a company receives in the form of dividends on stock in other companies that it holds. earned incomeEarned income is generally an individual's salary or wages from employment. It also includes some taxable benefits. Earned income also includes business income if the individual is self-employed. Earned income is used as the basis for calculating RRSP maximum contribution limits. earnings before interest and income tax (EBIT)A measure of profit that Economic incomeCash flow plus change in present value. Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA)A federal Act that sets minimum operational and funding standards for employee benefit Fixed-income equivalentAlso called a busted convertible, a convertible security that is trading like a straight Fixed-income instrumentsAssets that pay a fixed-dollar amount, such as bonds and preferred stock. ![]() Fixed-income marketThe market for trading bonds and preferred stock. Fixed-income securityA security that pays a specified cash flow over a Income beneficiaryOne who receives income from a trust. Income bondA bond on which the payment of interest is contingent on sufficient earnings. These bonds are Income from Continuing OperationsAfter-tax net income before discontinued operations, Income fundA mutual fund providing for liberal current income from investments. income fundsMutual funds that seek regular income. This type of fund invests primarily in government, corporate and other types of bonds, debt securities, and other income producing securities and in certain circumstances can also hold common and preferred shares. Income SmoothingA form of earnings management designed to remove peaks and valleys Income SplittingThis is a tax planning strategy of arranging for income to be transferred to family members who are in lower tax brackets than the one earning the income, thus reducing taxes. Even though attribution rules limit income splitting, there are still a number of legitimate ways to do so, such as through the use of spousal RRSPs. INCOME STATEMENTAn accounting statement that summarizes information about a company in the following format: Income StatementOne of the basic financial statements; it lists the revenue and expense accounts of the company. ![]() income statementFinancial statement that summarizes sales revenue Income statementA financial report that summarizes a company’s revenue, cost of income statementFinancial statement that shows the revenues, expenses, and net income of a firm over a period of time. Income statement (statement of operations)A statement showing the revenues, expenses, and income (the Income StatementsA financial statement that displays a breakdown of total sales and total expenses. Income stockCommon stock with a high dividend yield and few profitable investment opportunities. INCOME TAXWhat the business paid to the IRS. Income taxA government tax on the income earned by an individual or corporation. Income Tax ExpenseSee income tax provision. Income Tax ProvisionThe expense deduction from pretax book income reported on the Incomes PolicyA policy designed to lower inflation without reducing aggregate demand. Wage/price controls are an example. Interest incomeincome that a company receives in the form of interest, usually as the result of keeping money in interest-bearing accounts at financial institutions and the lending of money to other companies. Investment incomeThe revenue from a portfolio of invested assets. Life Income FundCommonly known as a LIF, this is one of the options available to locked in Registered Pension Plan (RPP) holders for income payout as opposed to Registered Retirement Savings Plan (RRSP) holders choice of payout through Registered Retirement income Funds (RRIF). A LIF must be converted to a unisex annuity by the time the holder reaches age 80. Monthly income preferred security (MIP)Preferred stock issued by a subsidiary located in a tax haven. National IncomeGDP with some adjustments to remove items that do not make it into anyone's hands as income, such as indirect taxes and depreciation. Loosely speaking, it is interpreted as being equal to GDP. National Income and Product AccountsThe national accounting system that records economic activity such as GDP and related measures. Net incomeThe company's total earnings, reflecting revenues adjusted for costs of doing business, NET INCOMEThe profit a company makes after cost of goods sold, expenses, and taxes are subtracted from net sales. Net incomeThe last line of the income Statement; it represents the amount that the company earned during a specified period. Net incomeThe excess of revenues over expenses, including the impact of income taxes. net income (also called the bottom line, earnings, net earnings, and netoperating earnings) Operating incomeThe net income of a business, less the impact of any financial activity, Operating IncomeA measure of results produced by the core operations of a firm. It is common Permanent Income HypothesisTheory that individuals base current consumption spending on their perceived long-run average income rather than their current income. RATIO OF NET INCOME TO NET SALESA ratio that shows how much net income (profit) a company made on each dollar of net sales. Here’s the formula: RATIO OF NET SALES TO NET INCOMEA ratio that shows how much a company had to collect in net sales to make a dollar of profit. Figure it this way: Real Incomeincome expressed in base-year dollars, calculated by dividing nominal income by a price index. Registered Retirement Income Fund (Canada)Commonly referred to as a RRIF, this is one of the options available to RRSP holders to convert their tax sheltered savings into taxable income. residual incomethe profit earned by a responsibility center that exceeds an amount "charged" for funds committed to that center residual incomeAlso called economic value added. Profit minus cost of capital employed. Residual income (RI)The profit remaining after deducting from profit a notional cost of capital on the investment in a business or division of a business. Spread incomeAlso called margin income, the difference between income and cost. For a depository tax-deferred incomecurrent compensation that is taxed at a future date tax-exempt incomecurrent compensation that is never taxed Tax-Related Incomes Policy (TIP)Tax incentives for labor and business to induce them to conform to wage/price guidelines. Taxable incomeGross income less a set of deductions. Taxable Incomeincome subject to income tax as reported on the tax return. Underwriting incomeFor an insurance company, the difference between the premiums earned and the costs accountingA broad, all-inclusive term that refers to the methods and procedures Accounting earningsEarnings of a firm as reported on its income statement. accrual-basis accountingWell, frankly, accrual is not a good descriptive Accruals accountingA method of accounting in which profit is calculated as the difference between income when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Adjusted Cash Flow Provided by Continuing OperationsCash flow provided by operating Adjusted EarningsNet income adjusted to exclude selected nonrecurring and noncash items of reserve, gain, expense, and loss. Administrative pricing rulesIRS rules used to allocate income on export sales to a foreign sales corporation. After-tax profit marginThe ratio of net income to net sales. Aggregate Demand CurveCombinations of the price level and income for which the goods and services market is in equilibrium, or for which both the goods and services market and the money market are in equilibrium. Aggregate Expenditure CurveAggregate demand for goods and services drawn as a function of the level of national income. Aggregate Supply CurveCombinations of price level and income for which the labor market is in equilibrium. The short-run aggregate supply curve incorporates information and price/wage inflexibilities in the labor market, whereas the long-run aggregate supply curve does not. Annual reportYearly record of a publicly held company's financial condition. It includes a description of the Annual reportA report issued to a company’s shareholders, creditors, and regulatory annual returnThe fund return, for any 12-month period, including changes in unit value and the reinvestment of distributions, but not taking into account sales, redemption, distribution or other optional charges or income taxes payable by any unitholder that would reduce returns. AnnuityA contract which provides an income for a specified period of time, such as a certain number of years or for life. An annuity is like a life insurance policy in reverse. The purchaser gives the life insurance company a lump sum of money and the life insurance company pays the purchaser a regular income, usually monthly. AssurisAssuris is a not for profit organization that protects Canadian policyholders in the event that their life insurance company should become insolvent. Their role is to protect policyholders by minimizing loss of benefits and ensuring a quick transfer of their policies to a solvent company where their benefits will continue to be honoured. Assuris is funded by the life insurance industry and endorsed by government. If you are a Canadian citizen or resident, and you purchased a product from a member life insurance company in Canada, you are protected by Assuris. Average Propensity to ConsumeRatio of consumption to disposable income. See also marginal propensity to consume. Average Propensity to SaveRatio of saving to disposable income. See also marginal propensity to save. Average tax rateTaxes as a fraction of income; total taxes divided by total taxable income. average tax rateTotal taxes owed divided by total income. Baker PlanA plan by U.S. Treasury Secretary James Baker under which 15 principal middle-income debtor balance sheetA term often used instead of the more formal and correct basic earnings per share (EPS)This important ratio equals the net Before-tax profit marginThe ratio of net income before taxes to net sales. BeneficiaryThis is the person who benefits from the terms of a trust, a will, an RRSP, a RRIF, a LIF, an annuity or a life insurance policy. In relation to RRSP's, RRIF's, LIF's, Annuities and of course life insurance, if the beneficiary is a spouse, parent, offspring or grand-child, they are considered to be a preferred beneficiary. If the insured has named a preferred beneficiary, the death benefit is invariably protected from creditors. There have been some court challenges of this right of protection but so far they have been unsuccessful. See "Creditor Protection" below. A beneficiary under the age of 18 must be represented by an individual guardian over the age of 18 or a public official who represents minors generally. A policy owner may, in the designation of a beneficiary, appoint someone to act as trustee for a minor. Death benefits are not subject to income taxes. If you make your beneficiary your estate, the death benefit will be included in your assets for probate. Probate filing fees are currently $14 per thousand of estate value in British Columbia and $15 per thousand of estate value in Ontario. BONDPARA system that monitors and evaluates the performance of a fixed-income portfolio , as well as the Book profitThe cumulative book income plus any gain or loss on disposition of the assets on termination of the SAT. book rate of returnAccounting income divided by book value. Book ReturnsBook yield is the investment income earned in a year on a portfolio of assets purchased over a number of years and at different interest rates, divided by the book value of those assets. bottom lineA commonly used term that refers to the net income (profit) Business Expansion InvestmentThe use of capital to create more money through the addition of fixed assets or through income producing vehicles. Busted convertibleRelated: Fixed-income equivalent. Canada Pension Plan (CPP)A plan that provides retirement and long term disability income benefits to residents of Canadian provinces (excluding Quebec). Related to : financial, finance, business, accounting, payroll, inventory, investment, money, inventory control, stock trading, financial advisor, tax advisor, credit. |